Which of the following battles involved no direct sighting between Japanese and American fleets?

The Battle of Coral Sea is notable for being the first naval engagement in history where aircraft carriers engaged each other without their fleets ever directly sighting one another. This battle took place in May 1942 and was primarily fought through aircraft launched from carriers, with both the United States and Japan utilizing their air power to strike at enemy vessels. While the fleets had operational awareness of each other's positions, no ship-to-ship combat occurred, which was a significant shift in naval warfare tactics at the time.

In contrast, the other battles listed involved direct engagements or interactions at sea where fleets were aware of each other's physical presence. The Battle of Midway, for instance, involved significant aircraft operations but also had pivotal naval engagements between forces. The Battle of Leyte Gulf featured large-scale surface actions and sightings of both fleets. The Battle of Normandy, while a major operation involving naval support, was primarily a land invasion rather than a fleet engagement. Understanding the nature of the conflicts and how they were fought helps to clarify why the Battle of Coral Sea stands out as unique in this context.