Who was responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks?

The responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks firmly lies with Osama Bin Laden and the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. Bin Laden, as the leader of Al Qaeda, orchestrated and financed the attacks, which involved a coordinated strike using commercial airplanes to target key locations in the United States, including the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

Al Qaeda was founded with the aim of establishing a global jihadist movement, and the 9/11 attacks represented a culmination of their efforts to challenge U.S. foreign policy and military presence in the Middle East. The planning and execution of the attacks were carried out by members of Al Qaeda, which underlines the collective nature of this terrorist organization in these actions.

While Mohammed Atta was one of the hijackers and played a crucial role in the execution of the plan, the overarching responsibility lies with Bin Laden and Al Qaeda as a structured entity that facilitated and directed the operation. Therefore, the inclusion of both Bin Laden and Al Qaeda as responsible parties captures the full extent of the coordination and planning that went into the attacks.